在日常的学习、工作、生活中,肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写?下面是小编帮大家整理的优质范文,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
天花的历史pdf篇一
在英语听力里,短文听力是难度较大的一种,因此,考生可以在日常的英语听力里多进行一些短文听力,强化自己这方面的英语听力能力。下面,小编就为大家送上一篇英语听力短文,供大家参考。
in shakespeare’s day, wishing a pox on someone was a terrible curse. ten percent of the population in 17th century london died gruesomely of smallpox, a virus spread easily by airborne particles or contaminated clothing. infection began with fever, aches, sneezing, and nausea. soon a rash of red dots appeared, often covering the skin with dripping scabs. though some recovered, people could become blind, deaf, or severely scarred from smallpox.
在莎士比亚时代,诅咒某人得天花是非常恶毒的。在17世纪的伦敦,有百分之十的人死于天花这种恐怖的疾病,这是一种可以通过空气和被污染的衣服传播的病 毒。患者被感染后的前驱症状是发烧、疼痛、打喷嚏和恶心。随后很快出现红色斑丘疹,而后通常会发展成皮肤上的滴痂。尽管有些人病愈了,但是他们会因此失去 听觉、双目失明或者留下很深的疤痕。
none of the physicians’ attempts to treat smallpox with sheep manure or a golden needle helped at all. but european peasants and traditional healers in africa and asia had discovered that exposure to a very small dose of the virus offered some protection.
当时的内科医生尝试用羊粪或金针帮助治疗天花,但是毫无作用。但是欧洲的'农民和非洲及亚洲的传统医师发现,感染极少量的天花病毒会带给人体一定的免疫作用。
traditional healers inoculated scratches in the skin with a small amount of pus infected with smallpox. about one in 200 people died from this procedure, but most became mildly sick, recovering in a few days. in the process, they gained immunity to the disease.
传统医师通过给正常人注射天花患者的少量脓液来进行预防接种。这种治疗方法的死亡率是两百分之一,但是大多数人症状轻微,会在几天内恢复。在这个过程中,他们获得了对天花病毒的免疫力。
because smallpox inoculation exposed people to such a tiny dose of the virus, it caused far fewer deaths than the natural spread of the disease. still, london physicians were skeptical of anything peasants or traditional healers did. not until fashionable lady mary wortley montagu returned from turkey did it catch on with the upper classes.
因为接种天花疫苗时使用的病毒剂量是非常微小的,它所导致的死亡和天花的自然传播相比是微不足道的。不过,伦敦医生对农民和传统医师的这种治疗方法仍旧持怀疑态度。直到玛丽•沃尔特利•孟塔古从土耳其回国后,这种治疗方法才在上流社会中流行起来。
having observed turkish healers, lady mary had her son inoculated in london and published a pamphlet explaining the procedure. soon, even physicians saw that inoculation gave people a better chance of contracting a mild case of smallpox, preventing many deaths.
通过观察土耳其医师的治疗方法,玛丽夫人让她的儿子接受了预防接种,并且在伦敦出版了一个小册子来解释这种治疗过程。很快,甚至是那些内科医生也注意到这种接种方法只会让人们出现轻微的天花症状,它拯救了很多人的性命。
对话模式的听力要抓重点在英语听力考试中,我们遇到最多的就是对话模式的,通常是一男一女的对话,在高级的考试中的对话速度都是非常的快的,那么怎样在对话模式中抓住重点呢?每一段对话或是文章都会有一到两个是主题句,这个中心点无论是在英语考试中还是在英语听力考试中都是不变的。所以主题句的所在可以说是制胜的关键,你可以不理解那段话,只要你理解主题句,就是对话的重点。主题句常常在对话的开头,对整篇对话的大意起到概括和提示的作用,实际上是说话人所谈论的中心话题;长对话的第一题很可能针对对话的开头提问。结尾处往往涉及到建议、决定或某种行为等,它对整个对话起到一个总结的作用。长对话的最后一题经常是针对对话的结尾设题,故留意结尾回合中的关键动词就成了解题的关键。
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