全国四级考试听力汇总

在日常的学习、工作、生活中，肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢？有哪些格式需要注意呢？以下是小编为大家收集的优秀范文，欢迎大家分享阅读。

全国四级考试听力篇一

knowledge makes humble, ignorance makes proud.以下是小编为大家搜索整理的2017下半年公共英语四级考试听力voa材料，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!

four months ago, tuz khormatu, a sleepy town 80 kilometers southeast of kirkuk, became the new frontline between iraq's semi-autonomous kurdish region and the central government.

political tensions over oil rights have flared in this disputed area, which is as rich in fossil fuels as it is in spanersity. kurds, arabs, turkmen, and christians claim kirkuk as their own.

surging violence

colonel ismael rasoul mustafa - who is in charge of this outpost - has been a kurdish guerrilla since 1986 when he fought for kurdish independence from iraq's ba'ath regime.

"we're not here to stand against the central government, but we're here to defend ourselves. if they attack us like they did before under the previous regime, we have to defend ourselves," said mustafa.

the city of kirkuk, an ethnic melting pot, has seen a significant uptick in violence in the past two months. bombs have targeted shi'ite worshippers, kurdish security forces, and sunni politicians.

prime minister nouri al-maliki has warned of the danger of ethnic conflict in iraq, but sinan ismael khalil, a veteran arab journalist, said that ethnic tensions exist only at a political level and the real reason for the violence is oil.

"it makes us laugh when we hear it's an ethnic conflict, that the disagreements are based on ethnic problems," said khalil. "what's the reason for all of this? oil."

oil at root of disputes

his sentiments are echoed by many of kirkuk's residents. ismat lawerdy, a christian pharmacist, said that politicians are responsible for kirkuk's problems.

"between the people there are no problems. kurds, arabs, kurds, assyrian. the problems is with the politicians. yes, politicians in baghdad. here in kirkuk there's no difference between arabs or kurds or anybody," said lawerdy.

hussein mohammad hassan, from the sunni area of hawijah, agrees that sectarian violence is solely a political tool.

"because of the politicians we are suffering. only brotherhood and harmony can save us," said hassan.

as the violence continues, and with regional elections on the horizon, many residents of kirkuk feel that their oil wealth is more a curse than a ticket to regional autonomy.

s("content_relate");

【2017下半年公共英语四级考试听力voa材料】相关文章：

2017年公共英语pets四级听力精选voa材料

05-06

公共英语四级考试听力voa精选复习材料

06-15

公共英语四级听力voa精选材料

05-06

2017年公共英语pets四级voa听力备考训练

05-06

最新公共英语四级听力精彩voa辅导材料

05-06

2017年英语四级听力voa慢速练习材料

06-07

2017voa慢速英语听力材料

06-20

2017下半年四级公共英语听力备考材料

06-15

2017年公共英语四级听力考试训练材料

05-06